Tag: ct

Musculoskeletal #23

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89-year-old patient with groin mass

What do you see?

Imaging Findings

Agressive isquion mass with bone destruction, soft tissue component, necrosis and osteid matrix.

In the staging CT: Vertebral and skull signs of paget disease (Bone marrow heterogenity with lytic and sclerotic foci, cortical thikening and bone expansion; as well as partial pagetiic spinal block)

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Diagnosis

Pagetic secondary osteosarcoma on a patient with polyostotic bone paget.

Teaching Points

Osteosarcoma hallmarks are agressive bone mass with osteoid matriz.It can be primary or secondary (mainly on pagetic or radiated bone)
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Head and Neck – Flashcard #1

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Axial CT bone window

What do you see on this image?

Click here to see the answer

Otosclerosis

There is a small lucency anterior to the vestibule, just lateral to the basal turn of the cochlea. Consistent with fenestral otosclerosis.

There are two types of otosclerosis:

1- Fenestral: is the most common type. It involves the bone anterior to the oval window and causes conductive hearing loss.
2- Retro-fenestral: involves the cochlear capsule and causes sensorineural hearing loss.
The two types can occur simultaneously.

Abdominal #6 – Long case

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56-year-old male:

* Presents with diffuse chronic pain in the abdomen
* Decreased kidney function

A CT is performed:

CT abdomen with IV contrast

What do you see?

Diffuse hypodense solid tissue around the pancreas, compression splenic vein with inhomogeneous attenuation of the splenic parenchyma. Soft tissue manchet around the infrarenal abdominal aorta, compressing the aorta to the spine and continuing around the iliac vessels. No separate lymph nodes can be seen. Right hydronephrosis and hydro-ureter, right kidney shows edematous swelling . Both kidneys show heterogeneous cortical enhancement.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Right hydronephrosis and hydro-urter, pancreatitis and nephritis.

Differential diagnosis includes:
Retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond disease) or auto-immune mediated IgG-4 disease

CT-guided retroperitoneal biopsy was performed.

Pathology report: Fibrous tissue with chronic inflammation. Not enough signs of IgG-4 mediated disease.


Emergency #16 – Long case

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21-year-old male:

* Collapse twice
* Loss of strength of right arm
* Trouble finding words
* Headache

What findings do you see on the CT?

CT Findings

* No abnormalities were seen
* No bleeding
* No signs of recent ischemia

Patient develops fever. Cannot bend his neck properly. When asked, he has been traveling recently to Thailand.

What further imaging could help us?

An MRI is performed.

What findings do you see on the MRI?

MRI Findings

* Two areas left frontal and left parietal with T2/FLAIR hyperintense swelling/edema of cortex and subcortical white matter, with diffusion restriction and patchy, gyriform cortical enhancement

* Diffusely leptomeningeal enhancement

* No ring-enhancing lesions. No white matter vasogenic or cytotoxic edema

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Cerebritis (precursor of abscess) and meningitis. Not yet an abscess

Note: Encephalitis means inflammation of PARENCHYMA

Differential diagnosis of meningitis:
> Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis
> Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases
> Vasculitis
> Connective tissue diseases

Viral inflammatory cause for symptoms was confirmed with lumbar puncture and patient was treated with IV anti-viral treatment

Musculoskeletal #3 – Long case

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Axial CT abdomen bone window

Axial CT abdomen soft tissue window

Where is the lesion?

Left iliac bone

What are the radiological characteristics/findings?

Large lytic lesion with wide zone of transition, cortical destruction, and large soft tissue component.
No specific matrix.

What is the differential diagnosis of an aggressive iliac bone lesion?

* Metastasis
* Plasmacytoma: solitary plasma cell tumor expansile lytic lesion with bone destruction and soft tissue component. Usually shows low signal intensity on T2 with variable post contrast enhancement. 
* Chondrosarcoma: malignant cartilage tumor destructive lytic lesion with intralesional rings and arcs calcification (chondroid matrix). High signal intensity on T2. 

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Plasmacytoma

EDiR Question of the Day 2019: #1

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We dare you to solve one of the hardest questions of the EDiR examination!
The European Board of Radiology raffles amongst the winners an examination place for the EDiR that will take place at the ECR 2020.

Regarding a 65-year-old male with abnormal US findings is referred for CT:

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Please, click here to enter your answer and solve the question before 13:30!

Winner will be announced here, on the EBR blog, at 14:30.

Good luck!